What about the 10% tithe recorded in the Old Testament?

What about the 10% tithe recorded in the Old Testament?

What about the 10 %?

The tithe is a tenth or ten percent. But if we want to focus on biblical giving, we should forget about the 10 percent because giving in the Bible was much more extensive.

In the Old Testament, Jews paid the Levites who were the priests about 10 percent of their income. Tithes were not just money, but included food, crops, livestock, and anything else the people possessed.

In addition, they contributed another 10 percent to fund national feasts, festivals, holy days, and other religious convocations.

Moreover, every third year, they gave another 10 percent to the poor, needy, orphans, and widows.

The total giving would have been around 23.33 percent.

Additionally, there was a profit sharing plan for the poor in which businessmen or traders were not allowed to harvest the corners of their fields or pick up anything that fell off their carts. Therefore, you could round up the total donation to around 25 percent.

Today's churches don't mention the 25 percent, but this is what God stipulated as a basic taxation payment in His word.

The principle in Malachi chapter 3 is the following: having established the Old Testament governmental structure, not giving God what He required of the people was considered an act of robbery.

What was the purpose of tithes in the Old Testament?

In the Old Testament times God established a theocratic kingdom for Israel. Which was a government run by priests and Levites.

The Levites served as government officials and were vocationally responsible for seeking guidance from God. As government agents, they needed to be supported by tithes because they had no other means of income.

As a result, the tithe served as a form of tax that subsidized the religious structure and supported the levy tribe.

Tithes

Tithes

The topic of tithing is often debated—should Christians still give 10%, or is there a different biblical principle for giving? While the Old Testament tithe functioned as a form of taxation to support the theocratic system of Israel, the New Testament emphasizes free-will giving—generosity from the heart rather than a rigid percentage.

Jesus and the apostles encouraged believers to give cheerfully and sacrificially, honoring God with their possessions (2 Corinthians 9:6-7). Unlike the structured tithing system of the Old Testament, giving in the New Testament is voluntary, guided by gratitude rather than obligation. However, the prosperity gospel has distorted biblical giving, promoting a self-centered view where generosity is treated as a transaction for financial gain rather than an act of worship.

So how should believers give today? God is more concerned with the heart behind our giving than the amount. Giving is not limited to financial contributions but includes worship, service, and obedience. The Bible teaches that true giving is sacrificial, just as David refused to offer God something that cost him nothing (2 Samuel 24:24). While supporting the local church remains important, Christians are also called to give generously wherever there is need.

In the following articles, we will explore the biblical principles of giving, the dangers of materialism, and how believers can honor God with their resources.

The doctrine of election versus free will

The doctrine of election versus free will

In order to answer this question, we should note that if we believe in the Bible, then we must also believe in the doctrine of election or predestination.

Ephesians 1:4-5 (NKJV) clearly states, "He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love, having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will."

Similarly, Revelation 13:8 (NKJV) says, "All who dwell on the earth will worship him, whose names have not been written in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world." These verses emphasize God's sovereign election and the predetermined writing of believers' names in the Lamb's book of life before the foundation of the world (Ephesians speaks about God's plan of salvation, and Revelation warns of those who worship the beast).

Additionally, in Acts 18:10 (NKJV), God encourages Paul by saying, "For I am with you, and no one will attack you to hurt you; for I have many people in this city." Here, God reveals His foreknowledge of the future faith of those in Corinth who would come to believe through Paul's ministry (context: Paul’s mission in Corinth where he faced opposition but was reassured by God to continue preaching). These passages collectively underscore God's foreknowledge and sovereign plan for salvation.

It is clear from the scriptures that God predetermined who would be saved before they were born. But the Bible also says “whosoever wills may come and Him that cometh to me I will not cast out John 6:37.”

When we get saved or become a Christian we don’t say “Oh, I’m elect, I think I'll get saved?” But we actually make a conscious decision to choose Him.

It is important how we harmonize the doctrine of freewill and God’s election. We aren't trying to disprove one because we know the other exists - both are true.

So how do you harmonize them? The answer is that you don’t because there is no way to harmonize them.

Here are some similar paradoxical questions about Christian faith that we also cannot answer in the affirmative because both options are true.

  • Is Jesus God or a man? The answer is both. He is truly God and truly man. In the midst of trying to harmonize this throughout the centuries, people made conclusions that Jesus was half God and half man, but what is a half God?
  • Who wrote the book of Romans? Was it Paul or God? Did they alternate verses? Did Paul's words come directly from his heart and from his own vocabulary? Was every word inspired by God? The answer is that it was written by Paul, but it came from God's mind. Saying Paul wrote it would be eliminating God, and saying he only did what the Holy Spirit told him would eliminate Pauline authorship and apostleship.
  • Who lives your Christian life? You would say you do, but the Bible declares “nevertheless I live, yet not I, but Christ in me.” So if you claim it's only God who guides your life then you become a silent partner and can end up in the “let go and let God” movement which is destructive. If you say it is just me, you will be branded a legalist and prideful.

As we can see, with every major doctrine there are two tensions that we cannot simply resolve. Ultimately we have to leave God's sovereignty and human freewill where they are, believe both and let God settle it.

How do we reconcile God’s sovereignty with the freewill of man?

How do we reconcile God’s sovereignty with the freewill of man?

As long as we understand what freedom means in the Bible, we can reconcile the sovereignty of God with man's free will.

Although we have the ability to make free choices, our freedom is limited.

While we might be free to make choices, our freedom is not absolute. God gave Adam and Eve the freedom to eat from any tree in the garden, but he also included a restriction that they were not to eat from any particular tree.

God is a being who has the ability to make free choices, as do we.  However, we are not sovereign, while God is. We are limited in our authority, but God has the right and power to do whatever he pleases.

We have the power, the ability, and the freedom to do things, but our freedom can never override God's authority. Ultimately, our freedom is limited by God's greater freedom.

The idea that man can do whatever he or she wants without worrying about judgment from on high is incompatible with the biblical worldview.

Man has freewill within its limits, and these limits are defined by the sovereignty of God.

It can be compared to a house in which the son and father have equal freedom, but the father's freedom is greater than the son's, and the father sets the limits of freedom the son has.

Our Freewill is motivated by our Desires

Our Freewill is motivated by our Desires

There is always a reason for the choices we make in life (such as why you are reading this book). As a general rule, we make decisions based on what "seems good" to us at the time, considering all the alternatives / options available.

Our choices come from a deep desire within, while other things simply happen without much thought (there is a desire within us to make a choice or we wouldn't make it).

We choose according to our desires - this is the essence of freewill.

Jonathan Edwards, in his work The Freedom of the Will, defines the will as “that by which the mind chooses.” He further stated;

When the idea of freedom is added, however, the issue becomes terribly complicated. We have to ask, freedom to do what? Even the most ardent Calvinist would not deny that the will is free to choose whatever it desires. Even the most ardent Arminian would agree that the will is not free to choose what it does not desire.

With regard to salvation, the question then becomes, what do human beings desire? The Arminian believes that some desire to repent and be saved. Others desire to flee from God and thus reap eternal damnation.

Why different people have different desires is never made clear by the Arminian. The Calvinist holds that all human beings desire to flee from God unless and until the Holy Spirit performs a work of regeneration. That regeneration changes our desires so that we will freely repent and be saved.”

“It is important to note that even the unregenerate are never forced against their will. Their wills are changed without their permission, but they are always free to choose as they will. Thus we are indeed free to do as we will. We are not free, however, to choose or select our nature. One cannot simply declare, “Henceforth I will desire only the good” anymore than Christ could have declared, “Henceforth I will desire only evil.” This is where our freedom stops.

The Fall left the human will intact insofar as we still have the faculty of choosing. Our minds have been darkened by sin and our desires bound by wicked impulses. But we can still think, choose, and act. Yet something terrible has happened to us. We have lost all desire for God. The thoughts and desires of our heart are only evil continuously. The freedom of our will is a curse. Because we can still choose according to our desires, we choose to sin and thus we become accountable to the judgment of God.”

Augustine also rightly stated that while still have free will, we have lost our liberty.

“The royal liberty of which the Bible speaks is the freedom or power to choose Christ as our own. But until our heart is changed by the Holy Spirit, we have no desire for Christ. Without that desire we never will choose Him. God must awaken our soul and give us a desire for Christ before we will ever be inclined to choose Him.”

Every choice we make is influenced by something (either a reason or a desire). As a result, there is no space for those who teach "determinism", which claims that our actions are completely controlled, robotic and dictated by someone outside of us.

Our choices are influenced by something within (what we are and what we desire).

Therefore, in order for anyone to ultimately "choose" Christ, God must change their hearts, and that is exactly what He does. By changing our hearts, God gives us a desire for Him that we otherwise wouldn't have. It is the grace of God that a person who once lived in rebellion can now live in wholehearted submission to the Savior.

Our freewill is enslaved by our depravity

Our freewill is enslaved by our depravity

The doctrine of total depravity is derived from the Bible's assertion that something fundamentally changed with humanity's essential nature as a result of the fall.

Adam as the first federal head of humanity acted as our representative and what he did implicated us all.

As a result, we are born dead in trespasses and sin (Romans 8:7), enslaved by sin and our own corruptions, and our minds are dominated by our flesh, which is hostile to God.

The way Jesus described human depravity is by stating, "No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him" (John 6:44). This highlights our inability to come to God on our own.

Our depravity is exemplified by Lazarus in the tomb. There was nothing that could have been done to bring him back, there was no medicine because he didn't have any ailments or illnesses. According to the Scriptures, he was dead, and like him, we are also spiritually dead in our trespasses and sins (Ephesians 2:1).

Our ability to choose still allows us to have freedom, but what we "want to" choose has become enslaved by sin. None of us are righteous.

Romans 3:10-12 (NKJV)

As it is written: “There is none righteous, no, not one;There is none who understands; There is none who seeks after God. They have all turned aside; They have together become unprofitable;
There is none who does good, no, not one.”